See my tutorial and flowing the steps
Database backup is the process of backing up the operational state, architecture and stored data of database software. It enables the creation of a duplicate instance or copy of a database in case the primary database crashes, is corrupted or is lost.
No matter what backup and recovery scheme you devise for an Oracle database, operating system backups of the database's datafiles and control files are absolutely necessary as part of the strategy to safeguard against potential media failures that can damage these files. The following sections provide a conceptual overview of the different types of backups that can be made and their usefulness in different recovery schemes.
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